Liikuntapääkaupungista kajahtaa : esittelyssä JLTO Jyvässeudun liikunnan ja terveystiedon opettajat ry

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Liikunnan aineenopettaja- ja luokanopettajakoulutus : uusi koulutus alkaa syksyllä 2023!

Jyväskylän yliopisto tarjoaa ensi syksystä alkaen mahdollisuuden kouluttautua samalla kertaa liikunnan aineenopettajaksi ja luokanopettajaksi uudessa LiikLo-koulutuksessa. Kouluttamalla kaksoiskelpoisia opettajia pyritään takaamaan liikuntakasvatuksen laatu läpi oppilaan koulupolun sekä vastaamaan lisääntyvien yhtenäiskoulujen tarpeisiin. Liikunnan- ja luokanopettajakoulutuksen tavoitteena on kouluttaa pedagogisesti taitavia, omaa työtään tutkivia ja kehittäviä kasvattajia ja opettajia perusopetuksen monipuolisiin tehtäviin.nonPeerReviewe

Urheiluharrastuksesta luopuneiden nuorten fyysinen aktiivisuus, vapaa-ajan liikuntamotiivit ja urheiluharrastuksesta luopumisen syyt

TIIVISTELMÄ Hurskainen, H. 2017. Urheiluharrastuksesta luopuneiden nuorten fyysinen aktiivisuus, vapaa-ajan liikuntamotiivit ja urheiluharrastuksesta luopumisen syyt. Jyväskylän yliopisto, liikuntapedagogiikan pro gradu –tutkielma. 116 s., 3 liitettä. Iso osa lapsista ja nuorista sekä ylipäänsä suomalaisista liikkuu alle annettujen suositusten, vaikka liikunnan harrastaminen näyttäisi tutkimusten mukaan lisääntyneen. Yhä useampi lapsi ja nuori liik-kuu urheiluseurassa, mutta omatoimisen liikunnan määrä näyttää romahtaneen. Niin Suomessa kuin maailmallakin kasvava ongelma nuorisourheilussa on drop out –ilmiö eli urheiluharrastuksesta luo-puminen. Yhtä selkeää syytä nuorten harrastuksesta luopumiselle on vaikea löytää, vaan syitä on yleensä useita. Myös motiivit liikkua ovat usean eri tekijän summa eivätkä samat motiivit liikuta lasta välttämättä läpi elämän. Lisätieto urheiluharrastuksesta luopuneiden vapaa-ajan liikunnasta voisi auttaa saavuttamaan annetut liikuntasuositukset ja lisätä hyvinvointia koko yhteiskunnassa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää urheiluharrastuksesta luopuneiden nuorten vapaa-ajan liikunnan motiiveja, määrää sekä syitä lopettaa urheiluharrastus. Sähköinen ja paperinen kyselyloma-ke lähetettiin kaikille vuonna 1995 syntyneille, vuonna 2010 urheiluharrastuksen lopettaneille jalka- ja koripalloilijoille sekä jääkiekkoilijoille, jotka olivat osallistuneet tutkimuksen kahteen aiempaan osuuteen. Aineisto kerättiin kesän 2014 aikana ja kyselyyn vastasi yhteensä 388 nuorta. Kysely sisäl-si kolme mittaria: QRA–mittarilla kysyttiin harrastuksesta luopumisen syitä, fyysisen aktiivisuuden mittarilla vapaa-ajan liikuntamäärää, intensiteettiä sekä kestoa ja EMI-2 –mittarilla motiiveja liikkua vapaa-ajalla. Aineiston kuvailussa käytettiin keskiarvoja, keskihajontoja, frekvenssejä sekä prosenttiosuuksia. Liikuntamotivaatiomittarin (EMI-2) väittämistä koodattiin teoreettisen ennakko-oletuksen mukaisesti kahdeksan summamuuttujaa. Sukupuolten välisiä eroja tarkasteltiin kaikissa kolmessa tutkimuson-gelmassa t-testillä ja kolmen päälajin välisiä eroja yksisuuntaisella varianssianalyysillä sekä LSD-testillä. Tutkittaessa liikuntamotiivien ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden välisiä yhteyksiä fyysisen aktiivisuu-den mittaria päädyttiin supistamaan koskemaan ainoastaan liikunnan useutta. Mittareiden luotetta-vuus tarkastettiin Pearsonin tulomomenttikorrelaatiokertoimien sekä Cronbachin alfa-kertoimien avul-la. Tuloksista käy ilmi, että kolme yleisintä syytä luopua urheiluharrastuksesta olivat ”en nauttinut har-rastamisesta”, ”opintoni vaativat enemmän aikaa” sekä ”harrastaminen ei ollut tarpeeksi innostavaa”. Keskiarvoja tarkastelemalla naiset arvioivat kaikki syyt merkityksellisimmiksi verrattuna miesten vastauksiin. Lajien välillä eroa oli kolmessa lopettamissyytä mittaavassa muuttujassa. Fyysinen aktii-visuus oli harrastuksesta luopuneilla varsin hyvällä tasolla verrattaessa muihin tutkimuksiin sekä suosituksiin. Liikuntamotiiveista tärkeimmiksi nousivat tässä tutkimuksessa terveys, voima ja kestä-vyys sekä nauttiminen. Naiset arvioivat muun muassa terveyden, nauttimisen ja stressinhallinnan merkittävimmiksi verrattaessa miesten vastauksiin, kun taas miehille kilpaileminen oli naisia selkeäs-ti tärkeämpi liikuntamotiivi. Päälajien osalta eroa löytyi kolmesta liikuntamotiivista. Fyysisesti aktii-visimmat näyttivät pitävän kaikkia liikuntamotiiveja vähemmän liikkuvia merkityksellisempinä. Tulokset olivat hyvin samanlaisia, kuin muissa aiemmin samasta aihepiiristä tehdyissä tutkimuksissa. Erot eri lajien ja sukupuolten välillä urheiluharrastuksesta luopumisen syissä voivat johtua esimerkik-si siitä, kuinka paljon juuri kyseistä urheilua arvostetaan ulkopuolelta. Urheiluharrastuksesta luopu-neet näyttävät olevan fyysisesti varsin aktiivisia, vaikkakin osa jää varmasti suositusten ulkopuolelle. Liikuntamotiivit näyttävät muuttuvan iän myötä ja esimerkiksi sosiaalisuuden merkitys liikuntamotii-vina laskee, kun ikää tulee lisää. Ulkoiset paineet liikunnan harrastamiselle voivat vääristää liikun-taan osallistumisen motiiveja.ABSTRACT Hurskainen, H. 2017. The withdrawn youth physical activity, leisure-time exercise motives, and rea-sons for withdrawal from sports. University of Jyväskylä, Master Thesis in Sport Pedagogy. 116 s., 3 appendices. A large portion of children and youth or Finnish population overall, exercises less than the general recommendation levels, even though the numbers of people playing sports seems to increasing, ac-cording to the research. More and more children and adolescence exercises in a sports club, but the self-acting amount of exercises seems to be collapsing. In Finland, and also in the world, a growing problem in youth sports is the drop-out phenomenon, which means dropping out from a sports hobby. It is difficult to find one obvious reason for dropping out, because usually there are more than one reason. Also, the motives to exercise are the sum of many factors and the same motives don’t apply to the person throughout their life. Additional information about the drop-outs could possible help to reach the general exercise recommendations and increase overall wellbeing in the whole nation. The purpose of this research was to examine the youth drop-out spare time exercise motives, amount and reasons for dropping out. Both electrical and paper questionnaire were sent to all who were born in 1995 and had dropped out from playing football, basketball or ice hockey in 2010, and had also participated in the two previous sections before. The data was collected during the summer of 2014 and overall the research had 388 participants. The questionnaire included three different measure-ments: QRA- instrument, which asked the participant about reasons for dropping out, physical activi-ty instrument, which measured the amount, intensity and endurance of spare time exercise and EMI-2 – instrument, which measured the motives to exercise during the spare time. The data was described using means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. The exercise motivation instrument EMI-2 items were summed according to the hypothesis into eight subscales. The difference between males and females were measured in all the three research questions using t-test and comparing three main sports differences with one way ANOVA and LSD-test. While exam-ining the connections between exercise motives and physical activity, the physical activity instrument was decided to be reduced into only the frequency of exercise. The reliability of instruments was examined using Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed that three most common reasons for withdrawal were “I was not enjoying the hobby”, “my studies required more time” and “the hobby was not inspiring enough”. The means showed that females measured all the reasons more meaningful than males. There were significant differences in three different variables comparing the different sports. Physical activity levels were relatively high with the withdrawn youth, comparing to the previous research and general recommen-dations. According to the study, the most important factors in exercise motivation were health, strength and endurance as well as enjoyment. Females evaluated, among other things, health, enjoy-ment and stress management more meaningful than males, but on the other hand, males found com-peting more meaningful. The main sports had significant differences in three exercise motives. The more physically active ones showed to have less significance in all of the exercise motives than the less active ones. The results were very similar with previous research published in similar field. The reasons for with-drawal in different sports and gender can be a cause of for example, how the specific sport is valued externally. The drop-outs seem to be physically very active, even though part of them will surely exercise less than the general guidelines suggest. The exercise motives seem to change along aging and for example the importance of social aspects decreases while aging. The external pressure can distort the motives to participate in leisure-time physical activity

Wideband, high gain, high linearity, low noise amplifier for GNSS frequencies with compensation for low frequency instability

This paper presents the design methodology, simulation results and implementation details of a low noise amplifier (LNA) designed to operate over the whole range of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) frequencies (1164MHz to 1615.5MHz). This LNA works over combined (but overlapping) frequency bands of all three GNSS constellations (GNSS consist of the American Global Positioning System (GPS), European Galileo system and the Russian GLONASS system). Designed to be unconditionally stable with gain of over 18dB and noise figure of 2dB over a considerable bandwidth of about 450MHz, the achieved results conformed quite well to the specifications. Final implementation results include a gain of 18.5dB at the centre frequency with a nominal variation of ±1.3dB over the desired bandwidth. The noise figure obtained is 2.18dB and the amplifier stability range extends from OHz to 9GHz. Very high degree of linearity is achieved with output 1dB compression at +13dBm and output third order intercept at +23dBm. This paper describes results at every stage of design, simulation and implementation along with a solution against typical low frequency instability by a small trade-off in noise figure.Peer reviewe

Multicore Software-Defined Radio Architecture for GNSS Receiver Signal Processing

We describe a multicore Software-Defined Radio (SDR) architecture for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver implementation. A GNSS receiver picks up very low power signals from multiple satellites and then uses dedicated processing to demodulate and measure the exact timing of these signals from which the user's position, velocity, and time (PVT) can be estimated. Three GNSS SDR architectures are discussed. (1) A hardware-based SDR that is feasible for embedded devices but relatively expensive, (2) a pure SDR approach that has high level of flexibility and low bill of material, but is not yet suited for handheld applications, and (3) a novel architecture that uses a programmable array of multiple processing cores that exhibits both flexibility and potential for mobile devices. We present the CRISP project where the multicore architecture will be realized along with numerical analysis of application requirements of the platform's processing cores and network payload

GALILEO Positioning Technology

This book covers multi-band Galileo receivers (especially E1-E5 bands of Galileo) and addresses all receiver building blocks, from the antenna and front end, through details of the baseband receiver processing blocks, up to the navigation processing, including the Galileo message structure and Position, Velocity, Time (PVT) computation. Moreover, hybridization solutions with communications systems for improved localization are discussed and an open-source GNSS receiver platform (available for download) developed at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) is addressed in detail. • Takes a holistic approach to GALILEO and related systems, such as EGNOS and hybrid solutions on mobile phones; • Provides an invaluable reference to Binary Offset Carrier modulations and related families, which are some of the trademarks of GALILEO; • Includes a detailed survey of GALILEO receiver research in Europe and existing software-defined radio (SDR) GALILEO receiver implementations; • Addresses the multiple challenges in acquisition and tracking of GALILEO signals, including multipaths, ambiguities, and low carrier-to-noise ratios; • Offers insight into the design of a Software Defined GALILEO receiver; • Enables readers to have a full image of the processing steps involved in a GALILEO receiver

The role of positive atmosphere on learning generic skills in higher education - Experiences of physical education students

The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of role does positive atmosphere play in learning generic skills. The study was carried out in the final year of Finnish physical education (PE) teacher education where teachers of this study module have developed their pedagogical practices for a long time to foster and maintain the positive learning atmosphere of the course. In this study the learning atmosphere was examined from the perspectives of students addressing the following research questions: (1) How do the students perceive and experience the constructed learning atmosphere? (2) What generic skills do PE students report to learn during the final year study module? (3) What kind of relationship exists between the perceived learning atmosphere and learning generic skills? The data of this study were collected via an internet questionnaire (N = 189, n = 125) and interviews (n = 19) and analyzed applying qualitative content analysis and using statistical methods. According to the results, the PE students felt that the learning atmosphere of their final year study module was warm and conversational; it was easy to get their own voice heard during the final year. The PE students reported that they had learned versatile and plenty of different generic skills, particularly various social skills. There were statistically significant associations between positive atmosphere and some generic skills, such as the development of creativity, but they were not very strong. To understand this finding, the instruments of the study are discussed, especially from the perspective of the development of the questionnaire statements. Although the relationship between perceived positive atmosphere and learning generic skills was only moderate, the findings are promising. For example, the good practices documented in this study, such as how to construct a warm educational atmosphere, may be applied when developing other study modules.peerReviewe

Local Oscillator Phase Noise Effects on Phase Angle Component of GNSS Code Correlation

This paper demonstrates the effect of radio frequency (RF) front-end (FE) free-running local oscillator (FRO) phase noise (PN) on the phase component of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) code correlation product. It is observed that as FE PN increases, it adversely affects the stability of the phase component of the code correlation. The tracking loops in baseband processing of a GNSS receiver attempt to lock on to the frequency, delay and phase of the correlation product. Until these parameters are varying within acceptable bounds, set by the dynamics handling capability of the tracking loops, the tracking loops are able to successfully track the satellite signal. However, PN increases the variation in phase of the correlation product calculated over consecutive epochs and may also cause loss of tracking lock if these variations go beyond phase locked loop (PLL) pull-in range thresholds. This paper studies the relation between FRO PN and phase component of correlation through numerical analysis, and software simulations by artificially contaminating GNSS signal stream with PN of increasing variance and checking the result on the standard deviation (SD) of the phase component of correlation product. Based on these results, this paper recommends certain maximum limits on the FE PN in order to keep the SD of phase component below the onesigma phase error limits of the PLL used in typical GNSS tracking loops.Peer reviewe